Tuesday, February 25, 2020
Tokugawa Yoshimune and His Kyoho Reform Research Paper
Tokugawa Yoshimune and His Kyoho Reform - Research Paper Example The major characteristics of the new period were more definitely illustrated than ever before during the Kyoho era, when the general reform initiatives of Tokugawa Yoshimune, the eight shogun, and the difficulties that resulted in to them, took over the scene. The severest of these new difficulties involved the personal finances of the shogunate, which had been unsuccessful in matching national growth. The agricultural production of Japan by the 18th century was approximately 60% more than it had been a hundred years prior; though, on the contrary, the financial status of the central government was dropping annually (Hauser 2010). In a country teeming with all forms of commercial and agricultural enterprise, the central government was plainly not capable of securing enough for its own. According to Hauser (2010), beginning from 1722, having relieved from the possibility of resistance from the Senior Council and strengthened the economy, Tokugawa Yoshimune focused on financial reform. Tokugawa Yoshimune and his Kyoho Reform Tokugawa Yoshimune was born in 1684 in Wakayama, child of a daimyo of Kii. Yoshimune was assigned daimyo of Sabae han thirteen years after, but after the death of his elder brother in 1705 he was relocated to Kii (Hall 1991). In 1716, after the demise of Ietsugu, bakufu heads designated Yoshimune his heir, rewarding Edo a ruler knowledgeable in supervising a large area. The newly assigned shogun did not have any connections in the bakufu, yet he was able to slowly appoint his own people in important positions and by the 1720s was firmly in charge (Hall 1991). Particular attributes of his regime were notable. While Tsunayoshi had conformed to rules based on a powerful principle, Yoshimune moved fluidly in reaction to situations; his flexibility is indicative of the political ideology of Ogyu Sorai (Titsingh 1834). His restructuring started vigilantly, encouraged by problems left by the prior regimes of Tsunayoshi, Ienobu, and Ietsugu, respecti vely. Nevertheless, since the 1720s the array of reform increased significantly in obvious response to the joint effect of recoinage plans previously in force and a wave of social disorder and crop declines (Hall 1991). That enhanced array, which marked the 1720s the glory days of the Kyoho reform, engaged the bakufu more profoundly into public and political administration than ever before. Governing the vast, intricate, environmentally limited, and highly monetized civilization of 18th-century Japan was extremely difficult. In 1728, after attaining the zenith of progress, Yoshimune committed a number of years to combating unforgiving agricultural problems, the Kyoho food crisis, and uncontrolled fluctuations of the price of rice that seriously upset samurai way of life (Hall 1991). The difficulties pushed Yoshimune to reevaluate core strategies and in 1736 to enforce a major change in monetary policy. The change led to a 15-year phase of governmental strength that was attained in s pite of, or, more accurately, at the cost of, long-term agricultural failure. The economic troubles of the government was very severe, and a solution had to be determined at once to ease the hardship. The shogunate, in 1722, informed the daimyo about its problems and obliged them to bring in rice to its stockrooms at the pace of ‘one hundred koku for each ten thousand koku of domain assessment’ (Hall 1991, 449)â€â€koku is a Japanese term for ‘
Sunday, February 9, 2020
Epidermiology process in movie Outbreak Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words
Epidermiology process in movie Outbreak - Essay Example However, it is unknown to many that, the carrier of the virus which is a monkey, was brought to the U.S by a freighter. It is through an under-table bribe by a young man that the monkey escaped being tested for the virus in the animal testing lab. This man then gets infected and the Col. Sams ex-wife, Dr. Keough, who is currently with the CDC, is called to a Boston hospital where the man is admitted, to assist with the situation (Wolfgang, 1995). The doctor soon confirms the death of a young man that has been caused by a virus. At the same time, there was an outbreak of the virus in a little town in California. The concerned organizations then set up a quarantine that would stop the virus from spreading. However, Fords boss, sinister Major-Gen. McClintock has an agenda with this situation, where he wants to use the lethal bug as a bioweapon. At the point where the President wants to order a fuel-air bomb to be dropped in the small town to stop the spread of this virus, Col. Daniel tr ies ways to unravel the plan of McClintock. The process of epidemiology is presented in the movie just from the point when a scientist identifies the virus as Motoba. They then understand the pathogenesis of the disease as well as its infectiousness. The mutations of the virus were then determined and classified. The scientists then work hard with the results of their research to develop a drug that can treat the virus. They then embark on treating the infected people and contain the outbreak in the most effective ways possible to stop further spread of the virus. On epidemiology, the geographic prevalence was first considered. Here, the concentration was on the small town in California where the outbreak was first experienced. This town became the center of focus where people from outside the region were advised not to visit the town at the moment. Similarly, there was no movement outside the town, since that could spread the virus even further.
Thursday, January 30, 2020
Pharmacy Admission Essay Example for Free
Pharmacy Admission Essay 1) What attracts you to a career in pharmacy? The best aspect about pharmacy is that, like any other health care profession, it is primarily involved in the preservation and improvement of life. I believe that all the health care professions are noble professions since they are involved, one way or another, in the diagnosis and treatment of patients who have diseases or illnesses. Since I am the type of person who is very enthusiastic in improving life, especially through medications, I believe that pharmacy is an excellent field for me to fulfill my desires and goals. However, unlike the other health professions, pharmacy is specifically involved in the dispensing of drugs that would be used for patients and be made commercially available. In this connection, it is safe to conclude that the field of pharmacy plays a very important and a very critical role in patient care and even general health care outside the hospital.            However, what attracts me the most to the profession is its role in ensuring and controlling the quality of the drugs being produced. As we all know, drugs have a variety of effects to the human body. It can either benefit humans or harm them depending on the dosage. In this regard, it is highly crucial for a pharmacist to see to it that all drugs and medications pass the standards and are given to patients at the proper dosages.            Furthermore, I want to be able to gain sufficient knowledge in the drug therapy, which is one of the specializations of a pharmacist. I believe that more than ensuring the quality of drugs, the role of pharmacists in administering drug therapies is equally important in the field of health care.            In short, what truly attracts me to field of pharmacy is the various and crucial role it plays in ensuring the quality and safety of drugs being used in the hospital and the ones being sold commercially which would subsequently lead to better health care services. Someday, I want to be able to assume that role and become an important member of the health care team. 2) What area of pharmacy practice do you think you will pursue and why?            I will pursue the area of pharmaceutical care because it is the aspect of pharmacy that is patient-centered. I believe that this area is one of the most crucial aspects of pharmacy as it deals with the dispensing drugs and ensuring the quality of the drugs in order to improve the condition of the patient. In addition, this area of practice will no doubt provide me with leadership and analytical skills since it involves taking responsibility for providing the patient with his or her drug therapy needs and being accountable for the outcome of the therapy.            In addition, pharmaceutical care, being a patient-centered area of practice, basically covers all aspects of pharmacy. If I am blessed and fortunate enough to be able to practice in this area of pharmacy, I would be become a well-rounded pharmacist as I would be taking on different roles that include advising the doctor what medications to prescribe to the patient, help eliminate or reduce the symptoms the illness of patient, and, most of all, improve the patient’s over-all health condition through drug therapy.            Moreover, since drug therapy is a highly complex and intricate process, I would also like to be involved in this practice and possibly become an innovator of new therapies in the future that would benefit patients. In addition, I believe that if I practice in the area of pharmaceutical care and specialize in drug therapy, I would be help lighten the load of doctors, nurses, and other health care professionals whose goal is to also improve the condition of the patient. 3) Why do you think you will be a good pharmacist?            I believe that I would be a good pharmacist someday not only because I have the necessary skills to become one, but also because I have the right attitude and traits that would enable me to efficiently and successfully practice my profession.             Moreover, I believe that for one to be successful in any field or endeavor, he or she should have passion in whatever it is he or she is doing. In this regard, I believe that my passion lies in the field of pharmacy. I have shown great enthusiasm in furthering my knowledge about the field and I believe that this passion and desire would eventually enable me to become a highly competent pharmacist.            In addition, I also possess leadership skills and have a sense of responsibility, which are two key traits that a pharmacist must possess. As a student of Salt Lake Community College in Utah, I was able to complete 40 hours of job shadowing for 5 pharmacies including: PSDI Nuclear Pharmacy, Smith’s Pharmacy, University of Utah Hospital, Jolley’s Compounding Pharmacy and University Pharmacy.            Furthermore, I have experienced how it is to ensure the welfare of people being the Safety Compliance Manager of CR England from 2001 up to present. I believe that pharmacists should have a clear understanding of what health care is and my experience as a Safety Compliance manager would significantly contribute to my understanding on this matter.            Over-all, I believe that I would become a good pharmacist in the future simply because I have the heart, the enthusiasm, and not to mention the skills needed to practice the profession. 4) Why should the Admissions Committee recommend you to be a student in the USN Pharm.D. Program?            The admissions committee should recommend me to be a student in the USN Pharm D program because I believe that I possess the necessary skills and traits to excel in the program. Moreover, my enthusiasm and passion for the field would be a welcome addition to the growing demands for pharmacists. I also want to be part of the profession that caters to a lot of patient needs and I believe that the field of pharmacy can best meet those needs.             In addition, after my the success of my grandfathers coronary artery bypass surgery when I was still young, I realized that I wanted to be involved in a field where I can help uplift the condition of a lot of people. Due to this experience, I developed in me a passion for the field of the health care, in particular, the field of pharmacy, I have always believed that I was meant to help save lives and I knew that my passion for this course will enable me to be successful. In this connection, this is the reason why the Admissions committee should recommend me to the USN Pharm D Progran.            Not only do I possess the skills and knowledge to be able to endure the intensity of the program, but I also have the desire and the enthusiasm that would allow me to become a competent and successful pharmacist someday. In short, the Admissions Committee should recommend me to the University of Nevada’s Pharm D program simply because I have the capabilities to prove that I belong to the school and also because I can be a valuable asset to the program and the field of pharmacy in general.
Wednesday, January 22, 2020
Exposure to Media Violence Essay -- Violence
The relationship between the viewing of violence in such forms as video games and television shows has been widely contested and thoroughly researched. Various conclusions can be drawn from multiply sources, though as of yet there has been no one final conclusion as to the nature of the relationship. Some research has studied how media violence can affect other aspects of behaviour, such as memory (Bushman 1988), or the long-term effects that it can have from early childhood, to adolescence (Huesmann, Eron, Klein, Brice & Fischer (1983). If it was proved that exposure to media violence increased the likelihood of aggressive behaviour, it may force a re-evaluation of what young children are exposed to during early childhood. Research done on the topic of media violence is widespread and variable, with many different approaches and theories. One example of such research focuses on the different effect violent video games have on aggressive behaviours in a controlled laboratory environment to those who are exposed to violence in video games in real life and the effect this has on aggressive traits, such as Ferguson et al. (2008). This experimental design focused on the direct link between viewing violent material in an animated game and then the aggressiveness of the response when told to deliver a loud noise to an opponent that has answered a question in a staged test incorrectly. The chosen participants were volunteers studying at an undergraduate level at university, this sample was 45.5% male and may not be representative of the population as the participants chose to participate and were not selected at random, thus possibly limiting the application of the findings. To prove the hypothesis that; â€Å"Exposure to video game vi... ...rough a search in Google Scholar of keywords â€Å"effect of media violence on aggression†and selected specifically because of the inclusion of other emotions such as fear, and anger, and the inclusion of the written word, rather than visually violent stimuli. 6. Corinne David-Ferdon, Marci Feldman Hertz, (2007) Electronic Media, Violence, and Adolescents: An Emerging Public Health Problem, Journal of Adolescent Health, Volume 41, Issue 6, Pages S1-S5, ISSN 1054-139X, 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2007.08.020.) -This article was located through a Google Scholar search for keywords â€Å"media violence on aggression†. I chose this entry specifically because the research focused on adolescents and how the demographic is being effected not only by media violence, but the ease of which technology is aiding in the exposure of violence from the media, and from uploaded home videos.
Tuesday, January 14, 2020
Why did the First World War end when it did?
This was war on a scale that the world had never seen before, and Hough It would never see again. However, a question that Is often glossed over Is why the war ended on Armistice Day, at the eleventh hour. It is a combination of different events, all leading to the fact that Germany ran out of food, supplies, and manpower, and had to surrender. Furthermore, as America had entered the war the previous year, the Germans realized that they were going to lose, and that drawing it out would only Increase casualties and long-term effects. One of the reasons Germany was ‘bled white', to use their own term, was the successful British NavalBlockade, which caused mass starvation, and turned the country on itself with riots and the naval mutiny. The American president, Woodrow Wilson, had been campaigning for a ceasefire, which led to the US invasion of Germany, and when Kaiser Wilhelm abdicated on the 9th November, the war was all but over. To begin with, the main reason for the end of t he war was a simple lack of supplies on all sides, but Germany had especially been hit hard. Although both sides launched renewed offensives In early 1918 In a desperate attempt to win the war, both efforts failed.The fighting between exhausted, demoralized troops continued to approach a stalemate until the Germans lost a number of individual battles and very gradually began to be pushed back. A deadly outbreak of influenza, meanwhile, took heavy casualties on both sides. Eventually, the governments of both Germany and Austria-Hungary began to lose control as both countries experienced multiple mutinies from within their military structures, and due to mass starvation, many call riots were held In Berlin. The naval war Is generally considered a side show In worldWar l: in fact it was a critical part of the war, with especially the naval blockade of Germany being hugely important. If the Germans were to be stopped it would have to be done by the French Army, but what the British did have was the Royal Navy. The Government ordered the Royal Navy to immediately cut the flow of raw materials and foodstuffs to Germany, which would not affect the German offensive, but it was the launch of a war of attrition which would ultimately play a major role In the Allied victory. Another factor that contributed to the end of the war was the introduction ofAmerican troops into the fighting. On April 2, 1917, President Woodrow Wilson asked a special session of Congress to declare war on the German Empire, saying â€Å"We have war in a positive light, claiming it would â€Å"make the world safe for democracy†and that it would be a â€Å"war to end war†. On April 6, 1917, Congress declared war, and in the end it was Germany's use of U-boats that pushed America into a corner and ultimately to declare war: on February 4th, 191 5, Germany announced that merchant shipping in a specified zone around Britain would be legitimate targets.They added hat this would include neutral ships because many Allied ships had taken to flying the flag of a neutral nation to assist its safety. America's military build-up was (relatively) slow: General Perishing demanded a million men, to which the American Congress replied it could gather 420,000 by spring 1918. However, the anticipated influx of military supplies from America never materialized. For the most part the troops fought with equipment supplied by the Allies (including the recognizable helmet). American troops saw their first action in May 1918 in fighting alone at the Manner River.In June 1918, Perishing ordered an all-out attack in the Saint-Mile area of Eastern France. Casualties were high but the attack forced a German retreat that (combined with other Allied offensives along the Western Front) put the entire German army on the back foot. In early October, the Americans pushed through the Argonne Forest. The German High Command began to crack in the face of the persistent Allied onslaught. General Ultrasound was forced to resign and flee to Sweden, a feeling of mutiny spread among the Kaiser's naval units, and the Kaiser myself was forced to abdicate on November 9.On the other hand, the American assistance nearly came too late: as both sides desperately tried to gain the upper hand in 1918, Germany very nearly won an attack, as the American troops were delayed. Fortunately, Willow's men eventually arrived, and this attack can be regarded as the tipping point that signaled the final stages of the war. The war ended for a number of different reasons, all leading to the fact that there was no longer anything to fight with, or anyone to Join the German army.Many Americans live that America won the war, and the truth is much more subtle: it is true that the war would have lasted longer without the Allied support of Woodrow Wilson, but it was not a war of tactics, but of attrition. There is no denying that the First World War was a catastrophic failure of humanity, and the question s of motivation have been analyses endlessly. I believe that the reasons for the peace treaty are equally interesting, and as it shows that some good can come from four years of atrocities, it is clear why we remember all those who have died in war on the 1 lath of November. Word count: 1019 Ben Phillips
Sunday, January 5, 2020
Symptoms, Misdiagnosis, And Treatments - 1668 Words
â€Å"Here is the tragedy: when you are the victim of depression, not only do you feel utterly helpless and abandoned by the world, you also know that very few people can understand, or even begin to believe, that life can be this painful. There is nothing I can think of that is quite as isolating as this.†Stated by Giles Andreae. Depression is a common issue in America and it is still an issue that needs to be dealt with. Depression has many symptoms and treatments. With rates increasing, can we be sure that everyone that has or had depression actually say it was depression? In this paper, I will talk about symptoms, misdiagnosis, and treatments. Methods What do 14.8 million American adults have in common according to Archives of General Psychiatry? That is approximately how many people are affected by major depressive disorder every year in America. It is one of the most common mental illnesses. According to the American Psychological Association, unmarried women are less likely to be depressed than their married friends. But the opposite is true for men. Depression has always been an issue in America and it is increasing. The Merriam-Webster Dictionary Online defines depression as â€Å"a serious medical condition in which a person feels very sad, hopeless, and unimportant and often is unable to live in a normal way†. Anyone can experience depression with symptoms of unrelenting sadness, sleeping a lot, not sleeping enough, having no appetite and weight loss, or having moreShow MoreRelatedAssessment and Diagnosis Essay examples915 Words  | 4 Pagespaper is to provide a synopsis of the importance of assessment and diagnosis in the counseling process. In the first two sections, the roles of assessment and diagnosis as they relate to case conceptualization and treatment planning will be explored. The potential implications of misdiagnosis will be the focus of the final section. 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Saturday, December 28, 2019
Risk Management - Individual Research Report - Free Essay Example
Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1651 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? Risk management Task One – Individual research report Introduction Risk management is a identification process of upcoming threats and danger to an organisation. In an organisation risk can enter through many ways, it can come from project failure, financial market, an accident in organisation such as flood, earthquake, cyclone, power failure, public health and safety and legal risk etc. Risk can be low to medium, or medium to high. It is difficult to say that an organisation can solve all the upcoming risks to the organisation like earthquake, we can just assume that earthquake can damage the business, but we cannot say how much, but there are some alternatives of upcoming threats like in power failure we can use generator to keep running the business. 1 Purpose of risk management within an enterprise-The purpose of risk management in an organisation to identify problems before they enter and create problems in the organisation, so that risk ma nagement handling process may be planed. It is a continuous looking ahead process so it is an important part of a business. Early detection of risk is important because it is easier, not much expensive, and changes can made easily in the planned process. It is easy to maintain a strategy and solve the risks when they are in early stage. A successful manager can monitor risks before they create problems in a business. The lack of information can is dangerous in a business so the staff of the organisation should be well training so that they can assume the risk when it is in early stage and report to the management as soon as possible. 2 Benefits of risk management within an enterprise-An effective risk management program can help the organisations to manage their risks and maximise success opportunities .There are too many benefits of risk management to an organisation, like less time consuming, less costly, less labour. The managers of an organisation should train the staff th at they can discuss the risks with the management when it is in early stage. Communication is a beneficial way for an organisation it helps to understand the most important risk areas. Staff can provide information in written or discuss with the management. So it can be early identification for the management and an alert to the management about the upcoming threats. The potential risk management benefits are ; supporting business planning, use of resources in effective ways, continuous improvement in the business, fewer dangers and threats, increase of new opportunities, increasing communication between staff and management, helps and focus internal audit programme etc. 3 A Reviewing of activities and internal environment-By reviewing the internal environment of a organisation we can assume that how we can identify the risks and found risk in the organisation is acceptable or unacceptable, if it is unacceptable then how can we manage that risk to avoid an upcoming danger or thre at. It can be found by an audit committee or by a group. Risk can affect the internal environment of the organisation .It depends on the organisations staff that how well they are trained by the management, it depends on the skills of the staff that how they will handle it or will they handle it themselves or will report to management of the organisation. The staff and management should perform their duties with responsibilities and complete their assignments on the given time frame by the management. There should be a continuous monitoring of activities in the organisation and the management should do something for the development of the staff and give them a proper and continuous training so they can be perfect in performing their duties. B. Setting objectives-All the organisations face the risks from internal and external environments. Objectives should be exist before the management can identify risks affecting the achievements of the organisation. An agency should develop related objectives. There are three broad categories of objectives †operations, reporting, and compliance. In operations the company should do all the operations and work very effectively and in a progressive way, there should not be the minor faults in the formulations of the products and services of the company. If there are any risks around the operation the management should make a report and find the solutions of the involved risks. If they will avoid the so there will not be compliance risks for the company, and the company can achieve their target successfully. There are some questions that what risks should a company not accept for example quality compromises and environmental and rules and regulations set by the government. They must not accept the legal risks. All the product and services should be a standard quality. Always worst outcomes should be assessed for the development of the company. c. Event identification-An event is a incident arising from externa l and internal sources that can affect implementation of strategy. There are some external and internal factors through which we can identify events. Economic changes can affect the company financially. Ups and down in the currency of the country can affect the import and export of the company. Natural environments can also affect the company. Environmental damage can cause by failure in the rules and regulations set by law. Loss of funds through frauds can be a serious problem for the company. Failure to measurement of product can be another deficit for the company. Project delay can affect the company, s reputation. Failure of contractors and partners can be another bad situation for the company. Technical faults can also be costly for the company, It can be time consuming and affect the company, s target and reputation. D. Risk assessment with particular reference to the impact and likelihood of risk-In an organisation it is possible that an event can occur and affect the achi evements of the objectives. It can decrease the value of the goods and services, so that risk should analysed because of their impacts. Management should consider the future events, expected or unexpected. They should always finding that what is worst that can happen or damage the reputation of the organisation. Considering the risk appetite the amount of risk is acceptable or not, most likely the government entities risk is low than the private organisations. Tolerance level is high in the private organisations. Risk assessment can use quantitative and qualitative methods. If the management already miss to give notification to the controller and it can be failure to recover the funds. Lack of notification can result in investigation. E. Risk response-Management determines that how can be respond to the risk, reviewing and impact, evaluating costs and benefits and selecting options within the entity, s risk tolerance. Management should keep trying to avoid the risk if there are o ther alternatives in front of company. By doing that the risk management we can find out what is good for the company. If the risk occurs the specific actions should taken by the management to reduce the risk level. Reducing risk by sharing the impact of the risk can be beneficial for the organisation. If the organisation will accept the risk without doing anything then the results can be dangers. It is easy to analyse the cost side in spite of benefit side. Management should first find the risks in each division or in each business unit. A view of risk can be depicted in several ways focusing on major risks and event categories across divisions. If the risk is in the program unit can be tolerated but it depends of the level of the risk. F. Control activities- there is a major role of effectiveness and efficiency in control activities. Control activities should be tested to ensure that there is not material weakness or difficulties. Management also should ensure that control a ctivities are carried out in a timely manner. Internal auditor can also support management by providing assurance on the effectiveness and efficiency of control activities. In an organisation they must provide the receipt to customers, cash should be handle with care, information system and data processing system should be strong enough, financial reporting, accounts receivable , and investments should handle with care. Misuse of company, s assets, corruption and fraudulent reports should be should be probe properly. The management should focus on the core areas like information system, contracts, purchasing, grants and other programs, services provided to the community, revenue collection, salaries of employees, and property. Risk with large and moderate impacts should be addressed with control activities. G. information communication-Information is major source to identify risks, and respond them in a appropriate way even is external or internal. Information should available for widespread use, all the transactions should recorded and tracked in actual timing, management should have immediate access to operating and financial information more effectively. If the risk is in tolerance than that, s all right otherwise an action should take immediately. Data reliability in information system should assessed carefully, poor assessment or bad management decisions can affect the targets. Communication is another way to be safe from risks, managers and staff needs to discuss the matters with each other, and tries to find the solutions for the problems. If necessary they should take actions immediately. H. Monitoring- In an organisation ongoing monitoring activities should be continuous process. Ongoing monitoring activities will occur through management activities. Division head, Line manager, controller, senior management, internal auditor, and external auditor can evaluate the monitoring process. A variety of evaluation techniques are available like check list, questionnaire, flowchart techniques, performance steps etc. Reporting to the management about the risks is a good way to keep an eye in the organisation it will be far seeing process which can keep safe the organisation from unwanted danger and threats. Conclusion: savoury aroma coffee shopee should identify threats coming in the way of achieving objectives and start creating hazards. They should do proper assessment and need to find solution. This solution should be bigger than problem. They have to be very competent and efficient. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Risk Management Individual Research Report" essay for you Create order
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