Contingency theory free essay sample

Possibility hypothesis is a class of conduct hypothesis that guarantees that there is no most ideal approach to sort out a partnership, to lead an organization, or to decide. Rather, the ideal game-plan is unforeseen (subordinate) upon the inward and outside circumstance. An unexpected pioneer successfully applies their own style of administration to the correct circumstance. In possibility hypothesis of initiative, the achievement of the pioneer is an element of different possibilities as subordinate, task, and additionally bunch factors. The viability of a given example of pioneer conduct is dependent upon the requests forced by the circumstance. These speculations stress utilizing various styles of administration suitable to the necessities made by various hierarchical circumstances. No single possibility hypothesis has been hypothesized. A portion of the hypotheses Systems Theory: the transdisciplinary investigation of the theoretical association of marvels, autonomous of their substance, type, or spatial or worldly size of presence. We will compose a custom article test on Possibility hypothesis or on the other hand any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page It explores both the standards regular to every single complex element, and the (generally scientific) models which can be utilized to portray them. Frameworks hypothesis was proposed during the 1940s by the researcher Ludwig von Bertalanffy (: General Systems Theory, 1968), and promoted by Ross Ashby (Introduction to Cybernetics, 1956). von Bertalanffy was both responding agaInst reductionism and endeavoring to restore the solidarity of science. He accentuated that genuine frameworks are available to, and communicate with, their surroundings, and that they can procure subjectively new properties through rise, bringing about consistent development. As opposed to decreasing a substance (e. g. the human body) to the properties of its parts or components (e. g. organs or cells), frameworks hypothesis centers around the course of action of and relations between the parts which interface them into an entire (cf. comprehensive quality). This specific association decides a framework, which is autonomous of the solid substance of the components (e. g. particles, cells, transistors, individuals, and so forth). Along these lines, similar ideas and standards of association underlie the various orders (material science, science, innovation, humanism, and so forth ), giving a premise to their unification. Frameworks ideas include: framework condition limit, input, yield, process, state, pecking order, objective directedness, and data. The improvements of frameworks hypothesis are differing (Klir, Facets of Systems Science, 1991), including reasonable establishments and theory (e. g. the methods of reasoning of Bunge, Bahm and Laszlo); numerical demonstrating and data hypothesis (e. g. crafted by Mesarovic and Klir); and reasonable applications. Scientific frameworks hypothesis emerged from the advancement of isomorphies between the models of electrical circuits and different frameworks. Applications incorporate designing, processing, environment, the board, and family psychotherapy. Frameworks examination, grew autonomously of frameworks hypothesis, applies frameworks standards to help a decisIon-creator with issues of recognizing, recreating, streamlining, and controlling a framework (generally a socio-specialized association), while considering various destinations, requirements and assets. It expects to indicate potential blueprints, along with their dangers, expenses and advantages. Frameworks hypothesis is firmly associated with artificial intelligence, and furthermore to framework elements, which models changes in a system of coupled factors (e. g. the world elements models of Jay Forrester and the Club of Rome). Related thoughts are utilized in the rising studies of multifaceted nature, contemplating self-association and heterogeneous systems of collaborating entertainers, and related spaces, for example, a long way from-harmony thermodynamics, disorderly elements, counterfeit life, computerized reasoning, neural systems, and PC displaying and reenactment.

Comparative Advantage Concept and Benefits of Outcome Essay Example

Similar Advantage: Concept and Benefits of Outcome Essay From Wikipedia, the free reference book Jump to: route, search In financial matters, the law of similar bit of leeway alludes to the capacity of a gathering (an individual, a firm, or a nation) to deliver a specific decent or administration at a lower opportunity cost than another gathering. It is the capacity to create an item with the most noteworthy relative proficiency given the various items that could be delivered. 1][2] It can be appeared differently in relation to total bit of leeway which alludes to the capacity of involved with produce a specific decent at a lower supreme expense than another. Similar preferred position clarifies how exchange can make an incentive for the two gatherings in any event, when one can create all merchandise with less assets than the other. The net advantages of such a result are called gains from exchange. It is the primary idea of the unadulterated hypothesis of global exchange. Substance | |[hide] | |1 Origins of the hypothesis | |2 Examples | |2. 1 Example 1 | |2. Model 2 | |2. 3 Example 3 | |3 Effect of exchange costs | |4 Effects on the economy | |5 Considerations | |5. 1 Development financial matters | |5. Free versatility of capital in a globalized world | |6 See likewise | |7 Notes | |8 References | |9 External connections | [pic][edit] Origins of the hypothesis Comparative preferred position was first depicted by Robert Torrens in 1815 of every a paper on the Corn Laws. He finished up it was to Englands bit of leeway to exchange with Portugal as an end-result of grain, despite the fact that it may be conceivable to create that grain more inexpensively in England than Portugal. Be that as it may, the idea is generally credited to David Ricardo who clarified it in his 1817 book On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation in a model including England and Portugal. [3] In Portugal it is conceivable to create both wine and material with less work than it would take to deliver similar amounts in England. Anyway the overall expenses of creating those two products are distinctive in the two nations. We will compose a custom article test on Comparative Advantage: Concept and Benefits of Outcome explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Comparative Advantage: Concept and Benefits of Outcome explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Comparative Advantage: Concept and Benefits of Outcome explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer In England it is difficult to create wine, and just modestly hard to deliver fabric. In Portugal both are anything but difficult to create. Thusly while it is less expensive to create material in Portugal than England, it is less expensive still for Portugal to deliver overabundance wine, and exchange that for English fabric. On the other hand England profits by this exchange since its expense for delivering fabric has not changed yet it would now be able to get wine at a lower value, closer to the expense of material. The end drawn is that every nation can pick up by represent considerable authority in the great where it has near bit of leeway, and exchanging that useful for the other. edit] Examples The accompanying speculative models clarify the thinking behind the hypothesis. In Example 2 all presumptions are emphasized for simple reference, and some are clarified toward the finish of the model. [edit] Example 1 Two men live alone on a confined island. To endure they should embra ce a couple of essential financial exercises like water conveying, angling, cooking and safe house development and support. The principal man is youthful, solid, and taught. He is likewise quicker, better, and progressively gainful at everything. He has a flat out bit of leeway in all exercises. The subsequent man is old, frail, and uneducated. He has a flat out detriment in every financial action. In certain exercises the contrast between the two is incredible; in others it is little. In spite of the way that the more youthful man has total preferred position in all exercises, it isn't in light of a legitimate concern for both of them to work in separation since the two of them can profit by specialization and trade. On the off chance that the two men isolate the work as indicated by relative bit of leeway, at that point the youngster will have some expertise in assignments at which he is generally profitable, while the more established man will focus on errands where his efficiency is just somewhat less than that of the young fellow. Such a course of action will expand complete creation for a given measure of work provided by the two men and it will profit them two. [edit] Example 2 Suppose there are two nations of equivalent size, Northland and Southland, that both deliver and devour two merchandise, food and garments. The beneficial limits and efficiencies of the nations are to such an extent that if the two nations committed every one of their assets to food creation, yield would be as per the following: †¢ Northland: 100 tons †¢ Southland: 400 tons If all the assets of the nations were apportioned to the creation of garments, yield would be: †¢ Northland: 100 tons Southland: 200 tons Assuming every ha steady open door expenses of creation between the two items and the two economies have full work consistently. All variables of creation are portable inside the nations among garments and food enterprises, however are fixed between the nations. The value system must be attempting to give impeccabl e rivalry. Southland has a flat out preferred position over Northland in the creation of food and garments. There is by all accounts no common advantage in exchange between the economies, as Southland is progressively proficient at creating the two items. The open door costs shows in any case. Northlands opportunity cost of delivering one ton of food is one ton of garments and the other way around. Southlands opportunity cost of one ton of food is 0. 5 ton of garments, and its chance expense of one ton of garments is 2 tons of food. Southland has a relative preferred position in food creation, due to its lower opportunity cost of creation regarding Northland, while Northland has a near bit of leeway in garments creation, in view of its lower opportunity cost of creation as for Southland. To show these diverse open door costs lead to shared advantage if the nations practice creation and exchange, consider the nations deliver and expend just locally. The volumes are: |Production and utilization before exchange | |Country |Food |Clothes | |Northland |50 | |Southland |200 |100 | |TOTAL |250 |150 | This model remembers no plan of the inclinations of shoppers for the two economies which would permit the assurance of the worldwide conversion standard of garments and food. Given the creation abilities of every nation, with the goal for exchange to be advantageous Northland requires a cost of at any rate one ton of food in return for one ton of garments; and Southland requires at any rate one ton of garments for two tons of food. The trade cost will be somewhere close to the two. The rest of the model works with a worldwide exchanging cost of one ton of nourishment for 2/3 ton of garments. On the off chance that both work in the merchandise wherein they have near bit of leeway, their yields will be: |Production after exchange | |Country |Food |Clothes | |Northland |0 |100 | |Southland |300 |50 | |TOTAL |300 |150 | World creation of food expanded. garments creation continued as before. Utilizing the swapping scale of one ton of nourishment for 2/3 ton of garments, Northland and Southland can exchange to yield the accompanying degree of utilization: |Consumption after exchange | |Country |Food |Clothes | Northland |75 |50 | |Southland |225 |100 | |World all out |300 |150 | Northland exchanged 50 tons of garments for 75 tons of food. Both profited, and now devour at focuses outside their creation plausibility boondocks. Suspicions in Example 2: †¢ Two nations, two products the hypothesis is the same for bigger quantities of nations and merchandise, yet the standards are more clear and the contention simpler to follow in this less complex case. †¢ Equal size econ omies once more, this is a disentanglement to create a more clear model. Full work in the event that one or other of the economies has not exactly full work of elements of creation, at that point this overabundance limit should for the most part be spent before the near bit of leeway thinking can be applied. †¢ Constant open door costs a progressively practical treatment of chance costs the thinking is comprehensively the equivalent, however specialization of creation must be taken to where the open door costs in the two nations become equivalent. This doesn't refute the standards of relative favorable position, yet it limits the greatness of the advantage. Ideal portability of components of creation inside nations this is important to permit creation to be exchanged without cost. In genuine economies this cost will be acquired: capital will be tied up in plant (sewing machines are not planting machines) and work should be retrained and moved. This is the reason it is some of t he time contended that beginning enterprises ought to be shielded from completely changed worldwide exchange during the period in which a significant expense of section into the market (capital gear, preparing) is being paid for. Fixed status of variables of creation between nations for what reason are there various paces of efficiency? The cutting edge form of relative favorable position (created in the mid twentieth century by the Swedish financial experts Eli Heckscher and Bertil Ohlin) ascribes these distinctions to contrasts in countries factor enrichments. A country will have relative preferred position in creating the decency that utilizes seriously the factor it delivers plentifully. For instance: assume the US has an overall wealth of capital and India has a general bounty of work. Assume further that vehicles are capital serious to create, while material is work concentrated. At that point the US will have a relative bit of leeway in making vehicles, and India will have a near preferred position in making fabric. On the off chance that there is global factor versatility this can change countries relative fac

Women Crime Free Essays

Ladies have been generally generalized as cherishing, sustaining and sympathetic individuals. Female offenses, over the previous century, have been on the ascent (Wormer, 2010). The fight for sexual orientation uniformity may assume a significant job in this marvel. We will compose a custom article test on Ladies Crime or then again any comparable point just for you Request Now Female guilty parties began to increment in numbers during the 1980s, as revealed by the Uniformed Crime Report (UCR). Be that as it may, most of offenses submitted by females are not brutal offenses (Wormer, 2010). As appeared in the UCR, the level of females detained for savage offenses have been declining in the course of recent decades (United States Department of Justice, 2010). When seeing violations submitted by ladies, contrasted with those submitted by men, they are clearly littler in numbers. The inquiries being posed is the reason are these numbers expanding at disturbing rates? What is making females carry out to an existence of wrongdoing? In this paper I will endeavor to discover the reason or causes with regards to why a bigger level of females are perpetrating wrongdoing. It is essential to take note of that there is a significant increment in the quantity of females captured, most remarkably for peaceful violations. As indicated by the UCR, during 1980, around 13,000 ladies were detained in the country. This number radically expanded to 80,000 by 1997. This obviously shows the pace of female detainment is rising quicker than that of men. In the course of recent decades, female detainment has dramatically increased. Insights show that the pace of female detainment is altogether high being that 54 out of each 100,000 ladies, contrasted with 6 out of each 100,000 out of 1930, when the primary report came out (Simon, Ahn-Redding, 2009). Among criminologists and social researchers, there are commonly two discernments regarding why ladies perpetrate wrongdoing. The first and most clearly realized reason is that females for the most part keep up lower detainment rates than guys do. In each class, aside from misappropriation, prostitution and wanderers, men will in general perpetrate violations at higher rates (Simon, Ahn-Redding, 2009). The subsequent perception is that the low pace of female wrongdoing has not been appropriately altogether considered. With respect to nation’s history, criminal research has fundamentally disregarded and ignored the wrongdoings that ladies carry out and put a greater accentuation on the male guilty party (Chesney-Lind, 1997). Be that as it may, due to this ascent in female wrongdoing, criminologists have started to contemplate the female guilty party with a more prominent accentuation. Generally, men and female guilty parties will in general carry out more property related misdemeanors and substance misuse violations (Blanchette, Brown 2006). There are progressively minor wrongdoings carried out versus savage violations like disturbed attack or murder (United States Department of Justice, 2010). In 2009, the most widely recognized wrongdoing submitted by guys was sedate maltreatment infringement, while females submitted different kinds of offenses aside from traffic. This classification can incorporate open issue or some other state or law infringement that isn't determined in Part I or Part II offenses found in the UCR (United States branch of equity, 2010). The most perceptible contrast among male and females in the revealed captures is the more prominent level of female wrongdoers captured for prostitution. In 2009, 56,640 individuals were captured for prostitution and marketed bad habit; 70% of those individuals were ladies (United States division of equity, 2010). The expansion in female violations started to ascend after the finish of World War II however shockingly, the expansion has not been in â€Å"customary† female wrongdoings, for example, youngster misuse or prostitution. Violations like burglary, robbery and driving impaired are the wrongdoings that have amazing rate increments. In 2000, 6,663 ladies were captured for burglary, though in 2009 9,384 were captured; that’s a 46% expansion in a matter of just 10 years (Simon, Ahn-Redding, 2009). As per the UCR’s information throughout the years, I have increased better information about expanding female wrongdoings. Be that as it may, issues despite everything emerge with regards to why there are still such fundamentally higher quantities of detained guys than females. Social researchers have proposed numerous speculations with respect to the difference among female and male wrongdoings. Generally, men are viewed as being genuinely more grounded than ladies. This, thusly, suggests they are progressively equipped for carrying out vicious wrongdoings. So as to clarify the sex hole that exists in the field of criminology, one should likewise mull over the passionate turn of events and quality of an individual. It appears as though sex and society’s standards affect the low crime percentages of ladies. Gentility is, generally, comprises of the manner in which a lady carries on yet additionally the manner in which she sees herself and her associations with others. A woman’s womanliness is affected by her body as well as her brain and her collaborations with society. A â€Å"normal† lady can be seen as mindful, supporting, and being sacrificial with regards to other people. Ladies, who take on obligations of a family or the capacity to build up, yet additionally look after connections, are thought of in the most noteworthy respects. â€Å"Derivative personality compels aberrance with respect to a ladies associated with onventional guys, yet it likewise energizes the criminal contributions of the individuals who become assistants of spouses or boyfriends† (Blanchette, Brown, 2006). Inclinations and characteristics that are found in hoodlums, fundamentally negate those propensities and characteristics that females have. Wrongdoing is significantly more disfavored f or ladies than it is for men. Ladies hold certain assumptions about the manner in which they look to the way the act. For instance, a lady would avoid areas where she would succumb to the hands of a perpetuator, for example, clubs and wrongdoing ridden avenues. They’re lives are additionally changed when they get themselves casualties of physical savagery, for example, spousal maltreatment and assault. Ladies will in general be deceived in manners that men can't, so their conduct will in general change since they have that dread of being a casualty (Chesney-Lind, 1997). Throughout the years, criminologists have thought of numerous speculations with respect to why individuals carry out wrongdoing. Hirschi’s Social Control Theory and Agnew’s General Strain Theory have helped in this reason. Social Control Theory centers principally around inside controls. The hypothesis infers that an individual may perpetrate wrongdoing because of having next to zero securities with society. This bond, as it is being alluded to, is a structure that comprises of four components: connection, responsibility, association, and conviction (Chesney-Lind, 1997). This hypothesis keeps up a conviction that person that have solid connections to regular individuals, are carried out to class or work, are associated with traditional interests and don't support or legitimize wrongdoing, are more averse to draw in themselves in an existence of wrongdoing. Hirschi’s hypothesis doesn't indicate itself inside sexual orientation. At the point when his underlying hypothesis testing was occurring, his example comprised of both male and female teenagers. In any case, Hirschi just mulled over the criminal data gathered that related to guys (Alder, Worrall, 2004). During the 1990s, criminologists Sampson and Laub built up a social control hypothesis to help clarify and comprehend youth standoffish lead, immature misconduct and criminal direct during an individual’s early adulthood. The hypothesis suggests that youth encounters and individual attributes clarify soundness in criminal conduct during youth, immaturity and early adulthood. Encounters like these are called â€Å"turning points†. These defining moments can change the directions regardless. Defining moments allude to how connected an individual becomes to another ordinary individual. The speculation inside this hypothesis is that these defining moments are the essential driver for the modification of the criminal direction (Alder, Worrall, 2004). For instance, a person that has solid conjugal connections and business steadiness are bound to avoid any crime than the individuals who don't have such characteristics. Agnew’s General Strain hypothesis got from earlier works from Robert Merton. Strain hypothesis expresses that people, essentially in the lower class of society, will hold back to wrongdoing when they can't rank higher in the social stepping stool or accomplish any kind of financial accomplishment through authentic methods (Blanchette, Brown, 2006). The inability to accomplish status or riches makes an individual become stressed and constrained. This strain and weight at that point makes an individual retreat to increasing such status and riches through ill-conceived implies or non-conventionalist conduct. General Strain Theory (GST) depends on the mental perspective that manages animosity, stress, and methods for dealing with stress. GST infers that distressing occasions produce negative feelings for a person which thus brings about criminal conduct (Alder, Worrall, 2004). Agnew presumes that there are three wellsprings of strain: failure to accomplish positive filled objectives, the expulsion of a positive upgrades and the introduction of a negative one. It tends to be contended that GST can adequately clarify the sexual orientation hole in wrongdoing. The two guys and females experience various kinds of strain. Notwithstanding, insights show that male strain will in general lead towards genuine property and savage wrongdoing more than females. Guys and females have distinctive enthusiastic frameworks. They react contrastingly to strain; ladies will in general turn towards sadness though men will in general become exceptionally furious and antagonistic (Blanchette, Brown, 2006). Guys have totally different ways of dealing with stress than those of females. This hypothesis, as indicated by Agnew, can likewise be utilized to portray why ladies perpetrate wrongdoing. He contends that strain can be conceptualized as mistreatment, in women's activist perspectives. Thes

Two Views on Global Warming - Free Essay Example

In recent years, the global warming crisis has been a hot topic, one that is often coined by Republicans as a â€Å"liberal issue.† In Scott Waldman’s article, â€Å"Republican lawmaker: Rocks tumbling into ocean causing sea level rise,† he articulates some of the central claims made by Republicans and Democrats on the U.S. House of Representatives Science, Space and Technology Committee. The conversation was argued by a leading climate scientist, who was often involved in correcting misstatements by both sides. To understand why each group feels so passionately about the cause of the issue, what their underlying beliefs are. On the one hand, we have a group of people who believe that humans are the sole cause of the global warming crisis. Greenhouse gas emissions, fossil fuel burning, and a string of other human activities have caused Earth’s temperatures to rise, at incredible rates. Their belief system could be classified as a reverse commons theory as defined in Garret Hardin’s (1968) article, â€Å"Tragedy of the Commons.† In his article, he describes how humans have been taking away from the commons for so long and how the planet cannot keep up with these demands indefinitely. Conversely, global warming is a result of things being added to our commons such as the atmosphere, by humans. This parallels the article from written by Katherine Wu (2018) from the Smithsonian, who described the dire state of our planet, where even a two-degree increase in temperature would cause immense problems. The other group does not have much sense of urgency but has shifted from claiming that global warming was not taking place at all, to identifying other causes than humans. Mo Brooks, a Republican from Alabama stated that the cause of the oceans rising was merely sediment or rocks being deposited on the bottom of the oceans. This was refuted by the climate scientists, Duffy, who pointed out that these changes would have minuscule effects on a geological timescale. The same feelings are held by a majority of Republicans who believe even if humans are contributing to global warming, it is not enough to be the full causal mechanism. This attribution of responsibility is the determining factor between these two groups. The first group has an urgency to the research and data collection that supports their beliefs, but also shows the fragile state of our planet. These scientists spend millions of dollars a year on these endeavors, and much of the same is always found; global warming is happening, but now it is an even more pressing issue. It must be realized though that data can be skewed, which was reiterated by Rep. Dana Rohrabacher (R-CA), who was bothered that the climate scientist, who had been accused of tampering with data in the past, was not further questioned by the committee. Statements like these show a cause of the tension between the two groups, which is the skepticism of scientists. These scientists who do highly specialized work, out of the general public’s sight, and bring back evidence that refutes our traditional beliefs are often not accepted. This issue was discussed in an article by Handlin (1965), where he stated that we have ambivalence towards the scientific community. This love-hate relationship works by scientists bringing about new findings that can benefit us, and also findings that challenge our traditional way of beliefs (Handlin, 1965). Although most of the second group remains skeptical about data that names humans as the leading cause, there has been a rapid change in some perspectives of this group. According to a NY Times article by Nadja Popovich and Livia Albeck-Ripka (2017), the viewpoints of Republicans in areas that are experiencing the effects of global warming, are the ones who are now realizing that their actions may have more of an effect on the situation than anticipated. This further shows the fluidity of our traditions in these circumstances. This change in viewpoint of some of the second group does bring a sense of hope because they are beginning to realize the fragile state of our planet, and take some action to lessen the effects of human activity.

Charles Dickens Great Expectations - 1366 Words

Great Expectations Considering the meaning of inheritance, most people might argue that money is the best inheritance that they can get. Although money takes huge parts of human’s life, there are many values that are more valuable than just money. The novel, Great Expectation, starts with early life of Pip, an orphan who is raised by his sister and brother in law. Growing a dream of becoming a blacksmith like his brother-in-law, Pip was innocent and fulfilled with his plain and the peaceful life. However, after Pip meets several life-changing events, such as meeting with Miss Havisham and becoming a great heritor, Pip confronts with many inner conflicts and adapts to the new circumstances, which allow him to become a more sophisticated gentleman while losing the true happiness and pure heart. Pip significantly contributes to the several themes of this novel. Over the course of Great Expectations, Pip matures by learning that soon got soon gone, that one should take care of peo ple who are easily thought to be taken for granted, and that the gentleman’s quality is not decided by one’s wealthy and fame. As Pip matures, he learns a lesson that soon got soon gone. Before a certain point of his life, Pip was an unworldly boy. Therefore, he was satisfied enough with his normal life with Joe and with his austere dream of becoming a blacksmith. The time when Pip realizes the importance and the necessity of the money is when Pip is invited by Ms. Havisham and sees Estella. PipShow MoreRelatedGreat Expectations By Charles Dickens1113 Words   |  5 Pagesadventures that the male characters go on. This seems to be relevant in a lot of movies and books like the story Great Expectations by Charles Dickens. In Great Expectations there are multiple female characters like Estella, Biddy, and Miss Havisham who all play a large part in the main character, Pip’s life. One of the first that we meet the character Estella in Charles Dickens’ Great Expectations is when Pip goes to Miss Havisham’s to play with her. The two kids play the game beggar my neighbor when EstellaRead MoreGreat Expectations By Charles Dickens1347 Words   |  6 Pagespoor status of the economy, social mobility does not seem to be occurring at high rates, with the poor getting poorer and rich getting richer. Despite this, social mobility is alive and well, and has been for centuries. In his novel, Great Expectations, Charles Dickens voices the concerns of many that lived in Victorian England during the 19th century by promoting such a desire to live life in a more prosperous social class. One of the most fundamental and reoccurring themes in the novel is that ofRead MoreGreat Expectations By Charles Dickens1426 Words   |  6 Pages Twelve-year-old Charles dickens gets ready for bed after a long day at the blacking house. These Victorian-aged memories will provide him with many ideas for his highly acclaimed novel Great Expectations. Set in 1830 England, Great Expectations is a coming-of-age story about a common innocent boy named Pip and his road to becoming a gentleman through the influence of others. Pip is influenced both positively and negatively by Estella, Herbert, and Magwitch. Estella left a huge impression on PipRead MoreGreat Expectations by Charles Dickens984 Words   |  4 PagesCharles Dickens utilizes his life for inspiration for the protagonist Pip in his novel Great Expectations. They both struggle with their social standing. Dickens loved plays and theatre and therefore incorporated them into Pip’s life. Dickens died happy in the middle class and Pip died happy in the middle class. The connection Dickens makes with his life to Pip’s life is undeniable. If readers understand Dickens and his upbringing then readers can understand how and why he created Pip’s upbringingRead MoreCharles Dickens Great Expectations943 Words   |  4 Pages This is true in many cases but none as much as in Great Expectations. In many ways the narrator/protagonist Pip is Charles Dickens in body and mind. While there are many differences between the story and Charles Dickens life there remains one constant. This constant is the way Pip as the narra tor feels, because these feelings are Dickens s own feelings about the life he lead. Since Great Expectations was written towards end of Charles Dickens life, he was wiser and able to make out the mistakesRead MoreGreat Expectations By Charles Dickens1375 Words   |  6 PagesGreat Expectations by Charles Dickens and The Talented Mr Ripley by Anthony Minghella present similar criticisms of society to a large extent. Both of these texts consider the criticisms of rich social contexts (wealth and status), societal morality (whether a society is good or not. Status [can lead to the wrong people being in a high position i.e. making bad decisions affecting the community/society] Appearance [society appears to be moral/good (if you’re from a higher status) {dickens criticisesRead MoreCharles Dickens Great Expectations1223 Words   |  5 PagesBeloved author Charles Dickens was born on February 7, 1812 in Portsmouth, England. Growing up in a life of poverty, his childhood hardshi ps provided the inspiration to write a myriad of classic novels including his 1861 seminole masterpiece, Great Expectations (â€Å"BBC History - Charles Dickens†). Great Expectations follows the life of an orphan named Pip, who’s perspective of the world is altered when he is attacked by an escaped convict in his parents’ graveyard in the town of Kent. Throughout hisRead MoreGreat Expectations By Charles Dickens924 Words   |  4 Pagesa character driven novel, or a mix of the two. In order for a novel to be character driven, it must revolve more around the characters’ individual thoughts, feelings, and inner struggles, rather than around the quest of the story. Great Expectations, by Charles Dickens, is a character driven novel. While the story does have a plot, it is not contingent upon that plot, but rather is reliant upon its characters and their natures. This is evident from the beginning of the novel. From the opening ofRead MoreCharles Dickens Great Expectations1669 Words   |  7 PagesCharles Dickens He was one of England s greatest authors of the 1800 s, better known as the Victorian era. The various themes and ideas of that time are perfectly showcased in his many novels and short stories, such as Nicholas Nickelby, Great Expectations, Oliver Twist, A Tale of Two Cities, and A Christmas Carol. Much of the inspiration for these works came from the trials and conflicts that he dealt with in his own life. His volumes of fictional writing show the greatRead MoreCharles Dickens Great Expectations1017 Words   |  5 Pagesexperiencer is somewhere else absorbing knowledge of a different setting.This abstract adventure is seized by author Charles Dickens in Great Expectations. Great Expectations is historical fiction giving readers comprehension of the Victorian Era.Upon the reading, readers begin to catch on the intended purpose and its significance. A person who lived during the Victorian Era was Charles Dickens himself.He grew up during a time where differences in social class were to an extreme degree.Dickens went through

Government Control and Free Will in A Clockwork Orange...

A Clockwork Orange, a novel written by Anthony Burgess in the 1960’s takes place in dystopian future in London, England. The novel is about a fifteen year old nadsat (teenager) named Alex who along with his droogs (friends) commit violent acts of crime and opts to be bad over good. In time, Alex finds himself to be in an experiment by the government, making him unable to choose between good and evil, thus losing his ability of free will, and being a mere clockwork orange. A â€Å"clockwork orange† is a metaphor for Alex being controlled by the government, which makes him artificial because he is unable to make the decision of good verses evil for himself and is a subject to what others believe is right. In A Clockwork Orange, Anthony Burgess†¦show more content†¦Finally, at the end of the novel in Part Three, Alex is â€Å"cured† and has reverted back to his previous state of having a choice between being good or evil, thus acquiring that sense of free w ill once more. In part one of the novel, we witness the ability of free will that Alex possesses and his ability to choose between good and evil through contrast presented by darkness of night and lightness of day. At the beginning of the novel, Alex and his droogs (friends), Pete, Georgie, and Dim are at the Kovova Milkbar, roaming the streets and committing violent acts during night. Alex and his droogs encounter an old man who is drunk and is singing a sentimental song. Alex instantly chooses the path of evil with the free will that he encompasses, and along with his droogs they beat the old man while laughing at his misery. The old man complains about the â€Å"stinking world† and says, â€Å"It’s a stinking world because it lets the young get on to the old like you done, and there’s no law nor order no more.† (Part 2, Chapter 2, Page 12) At night, Alex uses violence and chooses to beat, rape, and murder innocent people because it shows that he has freedom of choice and has authority and power in society. Alex’s interpretation of darkness and night is, â€Å"The night belonged to me and my droogs and all the rest of the nadsats (teenagers), and the starry bourgeois lurked indoors†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Part 1, Chapter 4, Page 33). In contrast,Show MoreRelatedAnthony Burgess and A Clockwork Orange987 Words   |  4 Pagesnothing you can do about it. Anthony Burgess created this world through his novel, A Clockwork Orange. Anthony Burgess was born in 1917 and died in 1963. 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Over the course of the novel, he performs unspeakable acts of ultraviolence with his dr oogs, which land him behind bars in StajaRead MoreA Clockwork Orange, by Stanley Kubrick1139 Words   |  5 PagesKubrick’s 1971 film adaptation of Anthony Burgess’ 1963 novel, A Clockwork Orange has been used to explore contemporary anxieties. A Clockwork Orange takes place in an outlandish and dreary vision of future Britain governed by an oppressive, totalitarian super government. In this society, ordinary people have fallen into a dazed state of complacency, unaware of the sinister growth of a rampant, violent youth culture. Anthony Burgess wrote his short novel A Clockwork Orange in 1962 as a way of coming toRead More A Clockwork Orange, by Stanley Kubrick Essay example1522 Words   |  7 PagesA Clockwork Orange is a Stanley Kubrick film from 1971. Kubrick directed the film and wrote the screen play based on the 1962 novel from author Anthony Burgess. 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In his novel A Clockwork Orange (1962),Read MoreCritical Analysis Of A Clockwork Orange791 Words   |  4 Pages A Clockwork Orange is a modern science fiction classic that should not be missed. Anthony Burgess describes a very dark and disturbing near future that is scary mostly because it seems so possible. Young thugs and gangs run amok leaving a wake of violence. The only thing more terrifying is the State and their way of dealing with criminals. A Clockwork Orange is told from the first person viewpoint of a young teenage thug named Alex. This viewpoint along with the futuristic street languageRead MoreEssay on The Need for Brutality in A Clockwork Orange 4668 Words   |  19 Pages   Ã‚  Ã‚   Burgess A Clockwork Orange, a critically acclaimed masterstroke on the horrors of conditioning, is unfairly attacked for apparently gratuitous violence while it merely uses brutality, as well as linguistics and a contentious dà ©nouement, as a vehicle for deeper themes. 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Societies and Identities Exam Review free essay sample

What is the basic argument of the Malthusians? What kinds of evidence fail to support their argument? The Malthusian perspective is that as the population increased so did the demand for resources such as food and with that came the prices of items going up since it was in such great demand and Malthus also said that there was no way that disaster could occur. What he failed to see was that as population increased the agricultural techniques would result in constant increasing food production, but that was the case. Why isn’t it straightforward to identify the Earth’s â€Å"carrying capacity†? The reason why it is hard to identify Earth’s carrying capacity is because our capacity for culture and symbolic thought enables us to constantly change and alter our diets and the way we exploit the environment for food. What, according to Robbins, is the ideology of Malthusian concerns? The ideology of Malthusian concerns is question why the poor existed and what their purpose was, and that poverty existed due to over population because people did not want to change their ways. What is â€Å"demographic transition theory,† and what, according to Robbins, do its theorists regard as an answer to high population growth in poor countries? What, according to Robbins, is wrong about demographic transition theory? The demographic transition theory is that the world population growth increased only very slowly from human beginnings to around 1750, and this was maintained due to high death rates. And in poor countries people fail to use birth control methods in order to control the population growth. How and why did the economic expansion of the world capitalist economy changed reproductive behaviors? It is determined by a number of factors which include the period of fertility and the cultural and society. What is â€Å"wealth flows theory†? How does it explain why the demand for children in poor countries remains high, and the circumstances under which such demand declines? The wealth flows theory says that there are only two decisions that can be made by families and they are to have no economic gain to restricting fertility or to have economic gain. This means that a family see children as assets and they would either make a family money or make them suffer economically. What problems might emerge or increase in poor countries if they become more oriented to the nuclear family structure? Chapter Six, â€Å"Hunger, Poverty, and Economic Development† Is world hunger the result of insufficient food production? Is famine the most common reason for hunger? Is famine caused by food insufficiency? Is hunger caused by overpopulation? There is enough food in the world to feed the population on a vegetarian diet but not in poor countries there is enough food for everyone, famine is not the most common reason for hunger daily efficiency. Famine isn’t cause by food insufficiency but by the lack of work and the fact that people had no money or land, and it is not caused by overpopulation people don’t have the resources that they need. Why is it possible to be malnourished or to starve in the world today? From massive unemployment and high food prices. Historically, why have people left the land on which they produced their own food to seek wage employment, which requires that they buy food from others? People have left the land,,,due to the emergence of cities. This shift was due to the cities and the higher standards of living that was being provided. Why, perhaps, did humans shift from gathering and hunting to domesticating plants and animals? Suggested increase in population density may have required people to forage over larger areas in search of food, but by having domesticating animals and plants was very Neolithic. What is the advantage of plow and irrigation agriculture? In what parts of the world did irrigation agriculture begin? What are the costs of irrigation agriculture? Where did plow agriculture begin? What is swidden agriculture? What are its advantages? Bangladesh or Mesopotamia. Swidden a plot of land is cleared by cutting down the vegetation spreading it over the area. To use for planting and then burned. Seeds are planted and the plants are cultivated and then harvested. What was the most important change in food production inspired by the transformation of food into a capitalist commodity? What are the changes advantages and disadvantages? Why is high agricultural productivity essential for the growth of cities, manufacturing, and services? Finally the role of food as a capitalist commodity resulted in the increase intervention of the state of the food production What is the â€Å"neocaloric revolution,† and what are its problems? What is the â€Å"green revolution,† and what are its problems? What is the â€Å"green revolution II,† and what are its problems? A system that is technologically intensive and substitutes nohuman energy for human energy. The intensification f the use of technology in agriculture is largely the result of what has been called the green revolution. The Green revolution soon ran into some problems. In the capitalist economy, what determines the production of food, including what kinds of food are produced? Under what circumstances is food production discouraged? For example food production is not determined necessarily by the global need for food-that is, how many people have the means to pay for it. From Amartya Sen’s perspective, hunger is a failure of what, and is based on what conditions? Hunger can be seen as a failure of entitlements, and is based on the socially defined rights to food sources. Was there insufficient food during the Irish potato famine of 1846-47? What were the causes of Malawi’s famine in 1949? What is the lesson of these famines? No it was sent to those who could afford to pay for it, and in Malawi the case was that entitlements were used but the famine was started by a drought. Why is more attention given to famine than to endemic hunger? What have been the causes of endemic hunger in Brazil? Famine is more viewed because it doesn’t give the government a bad reputation like endemic hunger does. Also, endemic hunger makes the government look like they don’t care for their people enough. Brazil suffered endemic hunger because the government tried to change economically but they couldn’t keep up with the payments to the World Bank. In what ways is â€Å"health a political symbol subject to manipulation†? What are the consequences for the poor? The government can turn starvation into a medical issue, and instead of needing food they provide the people with medication. Why, according to Robbins, is â€Å"economic development† not a solution to poverty and hunger? What are the three features of economic development that lead it to cause, rather than solve, problems? How does James Scott describe these features and their consequences? Why is foreign aid not a solution to poverty and hunger? What are the good and not so good features of the Grameen Bank’s â€Å"microcredit† approach to reducing hunger and poverty? How are hunger and poverty based on the relations between consumer, laborer, capitalist, and nation-state? Hunger is not caused by a lack of food only by the lack of the ability to buy the food. Chapter 7, â€Å"Environment and Consumption† What countries have the highest per capita rates of energy usage and carbon emissions? The US and Canada How many hectares of land are required to maintain the consumption level of the average person in a high-consumption country? How do such countries make up for deficits in such land? At least 15 acres, and the deficit is made up through trade. How is the history of sugar tied to the emergence and growth of the capitalist world economy? How has it involved relations between consumer, laborer, capitalist, and nation-state? How did the diet of the English working class change in the 1800s? When it comes to â€Å"the case of sugar† there is a long historical past of xploitation as well as the interaction with the laborers, consumers and the economy its self. Sugar sold as a product that held health benefits to those who could afford to buy it and use it. During A. D 1000 Sugar was seen as a luxury and used as a spice and medicine. Since sugar was a commodity it soon was in great demand especially in the 18th and 19th centuries and the West Indies saw a great incr ease in their revenues, but since it was in great demand they needed to make more of it so that meant clearing out of forests and more man power which meant more slaves to do the dirty work. It was also sugar itself that helped many countries such as Spain and Portugal become big in the trading market because they had so much of what people needed but they needed workers and they would get these slaves from Africa to work on their plantations in the Canary Islands and Madeira. Sugar is basically a great example of how a nation-state who mediated the interaction between the capitalist the laborer and the consumer produces a long lasting global problem. Today during the modern times sugar is still greatly consumed and sold due to the â€Å"language† that is used by the marketers when it comes to advertising fast food to the public. Items with sugar are also more available to the lower classes because it is so cheap and the healthy food is more expensive. Sugar can be seen as the everyday fix that most Americans need, while at the same time generating vast amounts of wealth to those who sell their products. What are â€Å"drug foods,† and what have been their role since the industrial revolution? What is the impact of raising cattle for beef on the environment? How efficient is beef as a food source? How good is beef for our health? What has been the role of meat in the diet of most societies historically? Half of the water that we used is to feed cattle and grow grains. Issues include the amount of manure that the cattle leave behind as well as the methane gases that they release, as well as the slaughter transportation and the cooking of the beef itself. What was the role of cattle-beef production in the Irish Potato Famine? How did cattle-beef production affect Argentina and the U. S.? Regarding the U. S. how did cattle-beef production affect the Great Plains and American Indians? How has it influenced corn farming, and what are the consequences? How has cattle-beef production—past and present—involved relations between consumer, laborer, capitalist, and nation-state? What has been the impact of the modern â€Å"hamburger economy† on poor countries such as Costa Rica? During the famine the amount of cattle that was a vailable had increased greatly DUE TO THE FACT THAT most of the grains were being exported to other countries that could afford to pay for them, so they increased their profits. What is the difference between the â€Å"factory model† and the â€Å"agro-ecology model† of agricultural production? How have rich countries exported pollution? Chapter 8, â€Å"Disease† What have arguably been â€Å"signature† diseases of various periods of world history? What do signature diseases reveal about particular times and places in history? How do such revelations pertain to relations between laborer, capitalist, consumer, and nation-state? AIDS is a perfect example because it has become the signature disease for the culture of capitalism *smallpox **malaria **TB *polio **cholera Increases in population density and also the ways in which people took over the habitats of other animals when settling down. What four things are necessary for a pathogen to kill us? How do the four things pertain to relations between laborer, capitalist, consumer, and nation-state? *We must come into contact with the pathogen/vector *the pathogen must be virulent *if we come into contact with a deadly pathogen it must be able to evade our body’s immune system *the pathogen must be able to circumvent whatever measures our society has developed to prevent it from doing harm. Because human behavior is largely dictated by culture, these cultural patterns paly a major role in creating or inhibiting opportunities for pathogens to spread. How did the shift from gathering/hunting to early agriculture change the relationship between microbes and humans? How has the history of urbanization change this relationship? How have these shifts pertained to relations between laborer, capitalist, consumer, and nation-state? These animals were carrying the ticks on them and most likely came into contact with the hunters and came into the households since they were placed in the animal’s habitat. The best argument is that the kinds of lives that we lead as well as the cultures and patterns of social relations that we contact maintain and reproduce. We can make the comparison of the hunter and gatherers as well as the more sedentary communities that came after them. It was said that it was easier to care for the sick if a small population was sedentary rather than mo ving around so much, and that small scattered populations had less of a chance of encountering disease as did those that lived in large dense populated areas. So the living standards and how people took care of the environment and the way in which they interacted with it was a great component. Being a sedentary population had its advantages because you had fewer pathogens to deal with, but at the same time it became more favorable conditions for them and once they began to domesticate animals gave them additional pathogens that they had to deal with. How have the environmental diseases of the past fifty years or so influenced the spread of disease? How has this influenced pertained to relations between laborer, capitalist, consumer, and nation-state? How has the emergence and spread of AIDS reflected contemporary relations between laborer, capitalist, consumer, and nation-state? Hierarchical diffusion , the disease jumps from one living hub to another. When it comes to disease what needs to be noted is the fact that the relationship between human behavior and their culture greatly affects how we come into contact and deal with certain diseases. AIDS is a perfect example because it has become the signature disease for the culture of capitalism, and it is mostly predominant in poor countries and Africa. Africa alone is said to house 5% of the world’s population in AIDS. Another example can be Lyme disease, Lyme disease came about when people had decided that they would cut own the forests and this allowed for a great population of deer and mice to increase since their predators were eradicated. These animals were carrying the ticks on them and most likely came into contact with the hunters and came into the households since they were placed in the animal’s habitat. The best argument is that the kinds of lives that we lead as well as the cultures and patterns of social relations that we contact maintain and reproduce. We can make the comparison of the hunter and gatherers as well as the more sedentary communities that came after them. It was said that it was easier to care for the sick if a small population was sedentary rather than moving around so much, and that small scattered populations had less of a chance of encountering disease as did those that lived in large dense populated areas. So the living standards and how people took care of the environment and the way in which they interacted with it was a great component. Being a sedentary population had its advantages because you had fewer pathogens to deal with, but at the same time it became more favorable conditions for them and once they began to domesticate animals gave them additional pathogens that they had to deal with. Chapter 9, â€Å"Indigenous Groups and Ethnic Conflict† Why have indigenous cultures commonly been destroyed in the history of the nationstate and world capitalism? These cultures have been destroyed because the nation state wants to provide them with more standard methods of living and when they are destroyed it is because one ethnic group enjoys an economic advantage over the other, and because their way of life differs greatly from that of the culture of capitalism. What are the common characteristics of indigenous cultures? *they frequently move around and that makes them difficult to control, *they have ownership of land and resources that the state needs/wants, *as well as the kinship based culture social structure that they have, *plus most small scaled indigenous groups tend to be egalitarian (equal). What processes are involved in â€Å"ethnocide†? the establishment of a frontier situation and advancing through military intervention *the extension of government control *the global destruction of indigenous culture through land takeovers, cultural modification, economic development Why are capitalism and democracy â€Å"a volatile combination† when there is a marketdominant minority? Where there is a market dominant minority capitalism AND DEMOCRACY are a volatile combination. Genocide can be seen as an externality of the market because of the way that it target one group when the once stable economy in a country seems to go wrong. Most people seem to think that genocide arises solely based on ethnic issues when really economics is the leading reason as to why genocide occurs, when really he factors that need to be considered are the incompatibility between democracies, the markets, and a group’s reaction to sudden economic deprivation brought about by radical market reforms. Why is the case of Rwandan genocide â€Å"hardly a simple matter of tribal warfare or ancient hatreds? † Another example can be Rwanda where the colonial history as well as the global economic integration combined to produce genocide. Basically, genocide is when a group needs a scapegoat to put all of their problems. When the Tutsi were given the power they used it to take land from the hutu and the hutus were basically left to serve the tutsi.

Soical Issue Essays - Scraggly Beard, Morning Kiss, Steam Roller

1. lavish hands are full of angry drunks profusely keep and never give sneakers running at sneakerly speed while I watch with swollen feet escalator going down to floors of voided checks I am the man boob that underoos mock 2. abominable clippers fright and slither scared feet and broken soles careful toes crawl ahead severing clips, they run back a day watch the sun to spot east from west forgetting directions, which is which dormant boos, ohhss, and no's stale tastes, stagnant waste scraggly beard and downturned nose kicking dirt and blinding eyes time in barrows collect and sour till pickled tons weigh and topple and mustar'd strength collect and gather as far as the line in which it settled in turn start again with bandaged toes and in the distance, a steam roller 3. elongated arms and swapped foot misprints tick tack no's and un'coloring books bitter buttons say, "keep arms tucked and shoes in dotted lines" through bedroom windows, tyrannosaurus eye puddled waters from windshield wipers haphazard floods from grief drunk clouds and grimace bellows and stares cautionary measure from soggy sleeves bend and blunder caterpillar knees must deviate unhomely plans from arm pit locks to something grand unbuttoning cuffs, arms lift and breathe cold turkey, cramps and trembles shaky grips reach for glowing stars but only hook like fingers from busy hands once again, feet are halted, tagged and frozen toss the sneakers, toss the game, to walk away with hands dragging two strides sunken under is when pocketless hugs meets elongated arms 4. morning kiss without bad breath lets be bears in hibernation become like puddy drippy puddles the cupboard bottom falls apart ?whew? just missed the furnace stroll from first to home stranded pickings making dinners pocketless hugs for us to share pick the muck between your toes sink the cargo left uncanny Jacob?s ladder count the steps toy armies left for dead make our omelet nice and cheesy molding crafts, knitting sweaters homeless birds, homeless buttons foundations for bliss to happen 5. a place of yawns and toasty snacks my inflatable chair, sit and relax with arms to rest to catch to wear so pliant to troubles bearing down catch your weight sinker and stone sweet romance euphonically sad as a safety pin pokes out its side 6. stray ball of yarn rolling into spools anatomy of travesties, seedy wakes dismay widdling spindles compiling my doom downcast arrows grieviating shapes anatomy of travesties, seedy wakes dismay soap box operas, cracked voice dramas, self ridicules downcast arrows grieviating shapes grievance creates bright wholesome views soap box operas, cracked voice dramas, self ridicules mirrored glass, reflections, and rabid corrections grievance creates bright wholesome views penciled lead draws pictures with grooves

Test Your Knowledge on the Gettysburg Address

Test Your Knowledge on the Gettysburg Address Characterized as both a prose poem and a prayer, Abraham Lincolns Gettysburg Address is a concise rhetorical masterwork. After reading the speech, take this short quiz, and then compare your responses with the answers below. Lincolns short speech begins, famously, with the words Four score and seven years ago. (The word score comes from an Old Norwegian word meaning twenty.) What famous document does Lincoln allude to in the first sentence of his speech?(A) The Declaration of Independence(B) The Articles of Confederation(C) Constitution of the Confederate States of America(D) The United States Constitution(E) Emancipation ProclamationIn the second sentence of his address, Lincoln repeats the verb conceived. What is the literal meaning of conceive?(A) to bring to an end, close(B) to overcome the distrust or animosity of; to appease(C) to be of interest or importance to(D) to become pregnant (with offspring)(E) to keep from being seen, found, or discoveredIn the second sentence of his address, Lincoln refers to that nation. Which nation is he talking about?(A) the Confederate States of America(B) the Northern States of America(C) the United States of America(D) Great Britain(E) Union States of America We are met, Lincoln says in line three, on a great battlefield of that war. What is the name of that battlefield?(A) Antietam(B) Harpers Ferry(C) Manassas(D) Chickamauga(E) GettysburgA tricolon is a series of three parallel words, phrases, or clauses. In which of the following lines does Lincoln employ a tricolon?(A) We have come to dedicate a portion of it, as a final resting place for those who died here, that the nation might live. (B) Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure.(C) This we may, in all propriety do.(D) The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here; while it can never forget what they did here.(E) But in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we cannot hallow, this ground.This ground, Lincoln says, has been consecrated by the men . . . who struggled here. What is the meaning of consecrated?(A) empty, containing a deep space(B) soaked in blood(C ) made sacred(D) desecrated, violated(E) greeted in a warm and friendly manner Parallelism is a rhetorical term meaning similarity of structure in a pair or series of related words, phrases, or clauses. In which of the following sentences does Lincoln use parallelism?(A) This we may, in all propriety do.(B) The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here; while it can never forget what they did here.(C) We are met on a great battlefield of that war.(D) But in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we cannot hallow, this ground.(E) Both B and DLincoln repeats several key words in his short address. Which one of the following words does not appear more than once?(A) dedicated(B) nation(C) freedom(D) dead(E) livingThe phrase birth of freedom in the final line of Lincolns address calls to mind which similar phrase in the first sentence of the speech?(A) all men are created equal(B) conceived in liberty(C) Four score and seven years ago(D) dedicated to the proposition(E) upon this continentEpiphora (also known as epistrophe) is a rh etorical term meaning the repetition of a word or phrase at the end of several clauses. In what portion of the long final sentence of The Gettysburg Address does Lincoln use epiphora?(A) It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here(B) this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom(C) that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause(D) we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain(E) government of the people, by the people, for the people shall not perish Answers to the  Reading Quiz on the Gettysburg Address (A)  The Declaration of Independence(D) to become pregnant (with offspring)(C) the United States of America(E) Gettysburg(E) But in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we cannot hallow, this ground.(C) made sacred(E) Both B and D(C) freedom(B) conceived in liberty(E) government of the people, by the people, for the people shall not perish

Tokugawa Yoshimune and His Kyoho Reform Research Paper

Tokugawa Yoshimune and His Kyoho Reform - Research Paper Example The major characteristics of the new period were more definitely illustrated than ever before during the Kyoho era, when the general reform initiatives of Tokugawa Yoshimune, the eight shogun, and the difficulties that resulted in to them, took over the scene. The severest of these new difficulties involved the personal finances of the shogunate, which had been unsuccessful in matching national growth. The agricultural production of Japan by the 18th century was approximately 60% more than it had been a hundred years prior; though, on the contrary, the financial status of the central government was dropping annually (Hauser 2010). In a country teeming with all forms of commercial and agricultural enterprise, the central government was plainly not capable of securing enough for its own. According to Hauser (2010), beginning from 1722, having relieved from the possibility of resistance from the Senior Council and strengthened the economy, Tokugawa Yoshimune focused on financial reform. Tokugawa Yoshimune and his Kyoho Reform Tokugawa Yoshimune was born in 1684 in Wakayama, child of a daimyo of Kii. Yoshimune was assigned daimyo of Sabae han thirteen years after, but after the death of his elder brother in 1705 he was relocated to Kii (Hall 1991). In 1716, after the demise of Ietsugu, bakufu heads designated Yoshimune his heir, rewarding Edo a ruler knowledgeable in supervising a large area. The newly assigned shogun did not have any connections in the bakufu, yet he was able to slowly appoint his own people in important positions and by the 1720s was firmly in charge (Hall 1991). Particular attributes of his regime were notable. While Tsunayoshi had conformed to rules based on a powerful principle, Yoshimune moved fluidly in reaction to situations; his flexibility is indicative of the political ideology of Ogyu Sorai (Titsingh 1834). His restructuring started vigilantly, encouraged by problems left by the prior regimes of Tsunayoshi, Ienobu, and Ietsugu, respecti vely. Nevertheless, since the 1720s the array of reform increased significantly in obvious response to the joint effect of recoinage plans previously in force and a wave of social disorder and crop declines (Hall 1991). That enhanced array, which marked the 1720s the glory days of the Kyoho reform, engaged the bakufu more profoundly into public and political administration than ever before. Governing the vast, intricate, environmentally limited, and highly monetized civilization of 18th-century Japan was extremely difficult. In 1728, after attaining the zenith of progress, Yoshimune committed a number of years to combating unforgiving agricultural problems, the Kyoho food crisis, and uncontrolled fluctuations of the price of rice that seriously upset samurai way of life (Hall 1991). The difficulties pushed Yoshimune to reevaluate core strategies and in 1736 to enforce a major change in monetary policy. The change led to a 15-year phase of governmental strength that was attained in s pite of, or, more accurately, at the cost of, long-term agricultural failure. The economic troubles of the government was very severe, and a solution had to be determined at once to ease the hardship. The shogunate, in 1722, informed the daimyo about its problems and obliged them to bring in rice to its stockrooms at the pace of ‘one hundred koku for each ten thousand koku of domain assessment’ (Hall 1991, 449)—koku is a Japanese term for ‘

Epidermiology process in movie Outbreak Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Epidermiology process in movie Outbreak - Essay Example However, it is unknown to many that, the carrier of the virus which is a monkey, was brought to the U.S by a freighter. It is through an under-table bribe by a young man that the monkey escaped being tested for the virus in the animal testing lab. This man then gets infected and the Col. Sams ex-wife, Dr. Keough, who is currently with the CDC, is called to a Boston hospital where the man is admitted, to assist with the situation (Wolfgang, 1995). The doctor soon confirms the death of a young man that has been caused by a virus. At the same time, there was an outbreak of the virus in a little town in California. The concerned organizations then set up a quarantine that would stop the virus from spreading. However, Fords boss, sinister Major-Gen. McClintock has an agenda with this situation, where he wants to use the lethal bug as a bioweapon. At the point where the President wants to order a fuel-air bomb to be dropped in the small town to stop the spread of this virus, Col. Daniel tr ies ways to unravel the plan of McClintock. The process of epidemiology is presented in the movie just from the point when a scientist identifies the virus as Motoba. They then understand the pathogenesis of the disease as well as its infectiousness. The mutations of the virus were then determined and classified. The scientists then work hard with the results of their research to develop a drug that can treat the virus. They then embark on treating the infected people and contain the outbreak in the most effective ways possible to stop further spread of the virus. On epidemiology, the geographic prevalence was first considered. Here, the concentration was on the small town in California where the outbreak was first experienced. This town became the center of focus where people from outside the region were advised not to visit the town at the moment. Similarly, there was no movement outside the town, since that could spread the virus even further.

Pharmacy Admission Essay Example for Free

Pharmacy Admission Essay 1) What attracts you to a career in pharmacy? The best aspect about pharmacy is that, like any other health care profession, it is primarily involved in the preservation and improvement of life. I believe that all the health care professions are noble professions since they are involved, one way or another, in the diagnosis and treatment of patients who have diseases or illnesses. Since I am the type of person who is very enthusiastic in improving life, especially through medications, I believe that pharmacy is an excellent field for me to fulfill my desires and goals. However, unlike the other health professions, pharmacy is specifically involved in the dispensing of drugs that would be used for patients and be made commercially available. In this connection, it is safe to conclude that the field of pharmacy plays a very important and a very critical role in patient care and even general health care outside the hospital.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   However, what attracts me the most to the profession is its role in ensuring and controlling the quality of the drugs being produced. As we all know, drugs have a variety of effects to the human body. It can either benefit humans or harm them depending on the dosage. In this regard, it is highly crucial for a pharmacist to see to it that all drugs and medications pass the standards and are given to patients at the proper dosages.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Furthermore, I want to be able to gain sufficient knowledge in the drug therapy, which is one of the specializations of a pharmacist. I believe that more than ensuring the quality of drugs, the role of pharmacists in administering drug therapies is equally important in the field of health care.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In short, what truly attracts me to field of pharmacy is the various and crucial role it plays in ensuring the quality and safety of drugs being used in the hospital and the ones being sold commercially which would subsequently lead to better health care services. Someday, I want to be able to assume that role and become an important member of the health care team. 2) What area of pharmacy practice do you think you will pursue and why?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I will pursue the area of pharmaceutical care because it is the aspect of pharmacy that is patient-centered. I believe that this area is one of the most crucial aspects of pharmacy as it deals with the dispensing drugs and ensuring the quality of the drugs in order to improve the condition of the patient. In addition, this area of practice will no doubt provide me with leadership and analytical skills since it involves taking responsibility for providing the patient with his or her drug therapy needs and being accountable for the outcome of the therapy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In addition, pharmaceutical care, being a patient-centered area of practice, basically covers all aspects of pharmacy. If I am blessed and fortunate enough to be able to practice in this area of pharmacy, I would be become a well-rounded pharmacist as I would be taking on different roles that include advising the doctor what medications to prescribe to the patient, help eliminate or reduce the symptoms the illness of patient, and, most of all, improve the patient’s over-all health condition through drug therapy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Moreover, since drug therapy is a highly complex and intricate process, I would also like to be involved in this practice and possibly become an innovator of new therapies in the future that would benefit patients. In addition, I believe that if I practice in the area of pharmaceutical care and specialize in drug therapy, I would be help lighten the load of doctors, nurses, and other health care professionals whose goal is to also improve the condition of the patient. 3) Why do you think you will be a good pharmacist?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I believe that I would be a good pharmacist someday not only because I have the necessary skills to become one, but also because I have the right attitude and traits that would enable me to efficiently and successfully practice my profession.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Moreover, I believe that for one to be successful in any field or endeavor, he or she should have passion in whatever it is he or she is doing. In this regard, I believe that my passion lies in the field of pharmacy. I have shown great enthusiasm in furthering my knowledge about the field and I believe that this passion and desire would eventually enable me to become a highly competent pharmacist.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In addition, I also possess leadership skills and have a sense of responsibility, which are two key traits that a pharmacist must possess. As a student of Salt Lake Community College in Utah, I was able to complete 40 hours of job shadowing for 5 pharmacies including: PSDI Nuclear Pharmacy, Smith’s Pharmacy, University of Utah Hospital, Jolley’s Compounding Pharmacy and University Pharmacy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Furthermore, I have experienced how it is to ensure the welfare of people being the Safety Compliance Manager of CR England from 2001 up to present. I believe that pharmacists should have a clear understanding of what health care is and my experience as a Safety Compliance manager would significantly contribute to my understanding on this matter.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Over-all, I believe that I would become a good pharmacist in the future simply because I have the heart, the enthusiasm, and not to mention the skills needed to practice the profession. 4) Why should the Admissions Committee recommend you to be a student in the USN Pharm.D. Program?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The admissions committee should recommend me to be a student in the USN Pharm D program because I believe that I possess the necessary skills and traits to excel in the program. Moreover, my enthusiasm and passion for the field would be a welcome addition to the growing demands for pharmacists. I also want to be part of the profession that caters to a lot of patient needs and I believe that the field of pharmacy can best meet those needs.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     In addition, after my the success of my grandfathers coronary artery bypass surgery when I was still young, I realized that I wanted to be involved in a field where I can help uplift the condition of a lot of people. Due to this experience, I developed in me a passion for the field of the health care, in particular, the field of pharmacy, I have always believed that I was meant to help save lives and I knew that my passion for this course will enable me to be successful. In this connection, this is the reason why the Admissions committee should recommend me to the USN Pharm D Progran.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Not only do I possess the skills and knowledge to be able to endure the intensity of the program, but I also have the desire and the enthusiasm that would allow me to become a competent and successful pharmacist someday. In short, the Admissions Committee should recommend me to the University of Nevada’s Pharm D program simply because I have the capabilities to prove that I belong to the school and also because I can be a valuable asset to the program and the field of pharmacy in general.

Exposure to Media Violence Essay -- Violence

The relationship between the viewing of violence in such forms as video games and television shows has been widely contested and thoroughly researched. Various conclusions can be drawn from multiply sources, though as of yet there has been no one final conclusion as to the nature of the relationship. Some research has studied how media violence can affect other aspects of behaviour, such as memory (Bushman 1988), or the long-term effects that it can have from early childhood, to adolescence (Huesmann, Eron, Klein, Brice & Fischer (1983). If it was proved that exposure to media violence increased the likelihood of aggressive behaviour, it may force a re-evaluation of what young children are exposed to during early childhood. Research done on the topic of media violence is widespread and variable, with many different approaches and theories. One example of such research focuses on the different effect violent video games have on aggressive behaviours in a controlled laboratory environment to those who are exposed to violence in video games in real life and the effect this has on aggressive traits, such as Ferguson et al. (2008). This experimental design focused on the direct link between viewing violent material in an animated game and then the aggressiveness of the response when told to deliver a loud noise to an opponent that has answered a question in a staged test incorrectly. The chosen participants were volunteers studying at an undergraduate level at university, this sample was 45.5% male and may not be representative of the population as the participants chose to participate and were not selected at random, thus possibly limiting the application of the findings. To prove the hypothesis that; â€Å"Exposure to video game vi... ...rough a search in Google Scholar of keywords â€Å"effect of media violence on aggression† and selected specifically because of the inclusion of other emotions such as fear, and anger, and the inclusion of the written word, rather than visually violent stimuli. 6. Corinne David-Ferdon, Marci Feldman Hertz, (2007) Electronic Media, Violence, and Adolescents: An Emerging Public Health Problem, Journal of Adolescent Health, Volume 41, Issue 6, Pages S1-S5, ISSN 1054-139X, 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2007.08.020.) -This article was located through a Google Scholar search for keywords â€Å"media violence on aggression†. I chose this entry specifically because the research focused on adolescents and how the demographic is being effected not only by media violence, but the ease of which technology is aiding in the exposure of violence from the media, and from uploaded home videos.

Why did the First World War end when it did?

This was war on a scale that the world had never seen before, and Hough It would never see again. However, a question that Is often glossed over Is why the war ended on Armistice Day, at the eleventh hour. It is a combination of different events, all leading to the fact that Germany ran out of food, supplies, and manpower, and had to surrender. Furthermore, as America had entered the war the previous year, the Germans realized that they were going to lose, and that drawing it out would only Increase casualties and long-term effects. One of the reasons Germany was ‘bled white', to use their own term, was the successful British NavalBlockade, which caused mass starvation, and turned the country on itself with riots and the naval mutiny. The American president, Woodrow Wilson, had been campaigning for a ceasefire, which led to the US invasion of Germany, and when Kaiser Wilhelm abdicated on the 9th November, the war was all but over. To begin with, the main reason for the end of t he war was a simple lack of supplies on all sides, but Germany had especially been hit hard. Although both sides launched renewed offensives In early 1918 In a desperate attempt to win the war, both efforts failed.The fighting between exhausted, demoralized troops continued to approach a stalemate until the Germans lost a number of individual battles and very gradually began to be pushed back. A deadly outbreak of influenza, meanwhile, took heavy casualties on both sides. Eventually, the governments of both Germany and Austria-Hungary began to lose control as both countries experienced multiple mutinies from within their military structures, and due to mass starvation, many call riots were held In Berlin. The naval war Is generally considered a side show In worldWar l: in fact it was a critical part of the war, with especially the naval blockade of Germany being hugely important. If the Germans were to be stopped it would have to be done by the French Army, but what the British did have was the Royal Navy. The Government ordered the Royal Navy to immediately cut the flow of raw materials and foodstuffs to Germany, which would not affect the German offensive, but it was the launch of a war of attrition which would ultimately play a major role In the Allied victory. Another factor that contributed to the end of the war was the introduction ofAmerican troops into the fighting. On April 2, 1917, President Woodrow Wilson asked a special session of Congress to declare war on the German Empire, saying â€Å"We have war in a positive light, claiming it would â€Å"make the world safe for democracy† and that it would be a â€Å"war to end war†. On April 6, 1917, Congress declared war, and in the end it was Germany's use of U-boats that pushed America into a corner and ultimately to declare war: on February 4th, 191 5, Germany announced that merchant shipping in a specified zone around Britain would be legitimate targets.They added hat this would include neutral ships because many Allied ships had taken to flying the flag of a neutral nation to assist its safety. America's military build-up was (relatively) slow: General Perishing demanded a million men, to which the American Congress replied it could gather 420,000 by spring 1918. However, the anticipated influx of military supplies from America never materialized. For the most part the troops fought with equipment supplied by the Allies (including the recognizable helmet). American troops saw their first action in May 1918 in fighting alone at the Manner River.In June 1918, Perishing ordered an all-out attack in the Saint-Mile area of Eastern France. Casualties were high but the attack forced a German retreat that (combined with other Allied offensives along the Western Front) put the entire German army on the back foot. In early October, the Americans pushed through the Argonne Forest. The German High Command began to crack in the face of the persistent Allied onslaught. General Ultrasound was forced to resign and flee to Sweden, a feeling of mutiny spread among the Kaiser's naval units, and the Kaiser myself was forced to abdicate on November 9.On the other hand, the American assistance nearly came too late: as both sides desperately tried to gain the upper hand in 1918, Germany very nearly won an attack, as the American troops were delayed. Fortunately, Willow's men eventually arrived, and this attack can be regarded as the tipping point that signaled the final stages of the war. The war ended for a number of different reasons, all leading to the fact that there was no longer anything to fight with, or anyone to Join the German army.Many Americans live that America won the war, and the truth is much more subtle: it is true that the war would have lasted longer without the Allied support of Woodrow Wilson, but it was not a war of tactics, but of attrition. There is no denying that the First World War was a catastrophic failure of humanity, and the question s of motivation have been analyses endlessly. I believe that the reasons for the peace treaty are equally interesting, and as it shows that some good can come from four years of atrocities, it is clear why we remember all those who have died in war on the 1 lath of November. Word count: 1019 Ben Phillips

Symptoms, Misdiagnosis, And Treatments - 1668 Words

â€Å"Here is the tragedy: when you are the victim of depression, not only do you feel utterly helpless and abandoned by the world, you also know that very few people can understand, or even begin to believe, that life can be this painful. There is nothing I can think of that is quite as isolating as this.† Stated by Giles Andreae. Depression is a common issue in America and it is still an issue that needs to be dealt with. Depression has many symptoms and treatments. With rates increasing, can we be sure that everyone that has or had depression actually say it was depression? In this paper, I will talk about symptoms, misdiagnosis, and treatments. Methods What do 14.8 million American adults have in common according to Archives of General Psychiatry? That is approximately how many people are affected by major depressive disorder every year in America. It is one of the most common mental illnesses. According to the American Psychological Association, unmarried women are less likely to be depressed than their married friends. But the opposite is true for men. Depression has always been an issue in America and it is increasing. The Merriam-Webster Dictionary Online defines depression as â€Å"a serious medical condition in which a person feels very sad, hopeless, and unimportant and often is unable to live in a normal way†. Anyone can experience depression with symptoms of unrelenting sadness, sleeping a lot, not sleeping enough, having no appetite and weight loss, or having moreShow MoreRelatedAssessment and Diagnosis Essay examples915 Words   |  4 Pagespaper is to provide a synopsis of the importance of assessment and diagnosis in the counseling process. In the first two sections, the roles of assessment and diagnosis as they relate to case conceptualization and treatment planning will be explored. The potential implications of misdiagnosis will be the focus of the final section. 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